Summary

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• Trilaciclib (Cosela) is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in adult patients when administered prior to a platinum/etoposide-containing regimen or topotecan-containing regimen for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.
• The information was derived from one systematic review/meta-analysis that aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Trilaciclib in preventing chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
• This study included 345 patients with either small cell lung cancer or breast cancer, providing insight into how Trilaciclib performs across different types of cancers.
• According to this analysis, Trilaciclib significantly reduced severe neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, anemia, and duration of severe neutropenia during treatment. It also led to lower therapeutic use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and red blood cell transfusions without impairing the effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens.
• In terms of the safety profile, it was found that risk levels for adverse events such as diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting were identical regardless of whether Trilaciclib was used or not, indicating its acceptable safety profile.
• While there wasn't any direct comparison made between Trilaciclib and other drugs intended for reducing chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression within this study; based on significant reductions in various markers related to myelosuppression along with a comparable rate of overall/severe adverse events - it appears that Cosela could be considered a safe and effective adjunct therapy while undergoing chemotherapeutic treatments specifically targeting the reduction in myelosuppression without compromising the benefits associated with underlying chemo regimens.