Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of eight systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-8]
• Lenvatinib combined with pembrolizumab demonstrated numerical improvements in overall survival (OS) for intermediate-/poor-risk subgroups compared to tivozanib, although no statistically significant differences were determined due to within-trial proportional hazards violations.
• In second-line treatments for metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), tivozanib ranked sixth for progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and objective response rate (ORR), showing lower effectiveness compared to lenvatinib + everolimus, cabozantinib, and nivolumab.
• The combination of tivozanib with nivolumab showed an ORR of 56%, indicating high efficacy in this context.
• Tivozanib had the highest P score for adverse events (AEs), grade ≥3 AEs, dose modifications due to AEs, and grade ≥3 diarrhea, indicating significant safety concerns compared to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
• Tivozanib was noted as the riskiest agent for respiratory AEs and had significant risks for grade ≥3 AEs, contributing to its overall safety profile concerns.
• Tivozanib, when combined with nivolumab, was considered safe and effective in both programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive and negative ccRCC patients.