Summary

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• Nifurtimox (Lampit) is indicated for the treatment of Chagas disease in pediatric patients, from birth to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 2.5 kg.
• Five studies were reviewed which compared Lampit with other treatments such as benznidazole, fosravuconazole, posaconazole, allopurinol, and thioctic acid for treating Chagas disease.
• The safety profile of nifurtimox includes notable adverse effects that can affect adherence to the treatment; these include gastrointestinal issues, cutaneous reactions, and neurological manifestations leading to discontinuation in a significant percentage of patients.
• There is variability in response to nifurtimox among different populations like pediatric versus adult patients or early-stage versus chronic disease sufferers; this underscores the importance of tailoring treatments according to specific stages of Chagas disease and patient characteristics.
• In terms of effectiveness against late-stage chronic Chagas disease specifically with cardiomyopathy symptoms, the evidence is insufficient to recommend nitrofurans or imidazolic drugs, including nifurtimox, conclusively.
• Future directions suggest more research into defining effective dosing regimens that balance efficacy with lower toxicity, especially for subgroups such as pediatric patients or those suffering from chronic conditions related to Chagas disease.