Drug updated on 12/11/2024
| Dosage Form | Tablet (oral; 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg) |
| Drug Class | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors |
| Ongoing and Completed Studies | ClinicalTrials.gov |
Indication
- Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Latest News
Summary
- This summary is based on the review of five systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). [1-5]
- Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) Progression: Alogliptin slowed cIMT progression with a mean difference (MD) of -0.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.13, -0.02), indicating effectiveness compared to placebo; however, exenatide was more effective (MD: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.01) while metformin was slightly less effective (MD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.09, -0.02).
- Adherence to Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs): Alogliptin demonstrated an adherence level with a medication possession ratio (MPR) of 61.7%-94.9%, similar to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (29%-44% discontinuation rate) but lacking direct comparisons with older OADs.
- Glycemic Control: Alogliptin showed comparable reduction in hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) to the active control group (MD: 0.06%, 95% CI: -0.03 - 0.16) but was inferior in lowering fasting blood glucose (MD: +6.98 mg/dl, 95% CI: 2.55-11.42).
- Adverse Events (AEs) Associated with Alogliptin: The risk of AEs within 52 weeks was risk ratio (RR) 0.93 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.08), and beyond 52 weeks was RR 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.00), indicating comparable safety to other DPP4 inhibitors; severe adverse events had a risk ratio of RR 1.75 (95% CI 0.90-3.40).
- Fracture Risk: Alogliptin showed no significant increase in fracture risk, while trelagliptin presented an increased fracture risk with RR 3.51 (95% CI 1.58-13.70), in contrast to albiglutide and voglibose, which showed decreased fracture risks with RR 0.29 (95% CI 0.04-0.93) and RR 0.03 (95% CI 0-0.11), respectively.
- All studies included patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), with adherence studies specifically noted to be from European retrospective cohorts; general trends indicated better adherence to newer second-line oral antidiabetic drugs, although no direct comparisons to older medications were made.
Product Monograph / Prescribing Information
| Document Title | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Nesina (alogliptin) Prescribing Information. | 2023 | Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Lexington, MA |
Systematic Reviews / Meta-Analyses
| Document Title | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term effects of different hypoglycemic drugs on carotid intima-media thickness progression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis | 2024 | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Adherence to newer second-line oral antidiabetic drugs among people with type 2 diabetes-A systematic review | 2024 | Pharmacology Research & Perspectives |
| Safety and efficacy of once weekly dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor trelagliptin in type-2 diabetes: A meta-analysis | 2022 | Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome |
| Effects of DPP4 Inhibitors on Renal Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | 2021 | Indian Journal of Endocrinology And Metabolism |
| Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis | 2021 | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
Clinical Practice Guidelines
| Document Title | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. | 2019 | European Heart Journal |