Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of 16 systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-16]
• Travelers' Diarrhea (TD): Rifaximin showed a lower incidence of TD compared to placebo, vaccines, and probiotics, with high confidence in effectiveness over other treatments. Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) was effective but associated with a higher rate of adverse events. Rifaximin had a lower adverse event rate compared to BSS.
• Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE): Rifaximin significantly reduced the incidence in primary prevention (odds ratio (OR): 0.66), lowered recurrence in secondary prevention (OR: 0.38), and reduced progression to overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in minimal HE (OR: 0.17), though it did not significantly reduce mortality. Combination with lactulose further reduced HE occurrence and mortality compared to lactulose alone. Rifaximin did not increase the risk of adverse effects (OR: 0.96), and combination therapy with lactulose was associated with a lower risk of serious adverse events compared to lactulose alone.
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Rifaximin provided symptom relief, particularly for abdominal distension, with no significant differences in adverse effects compared to control.
• Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc): Rifaximin was more effective than rotating antibiotics for SIBO eradication in SSc patients.
• There is no population types or subgroups information available in the reviewed studies.