Summary

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• Rifaximin (Xifaxan) is used for the treatment of travelers’ diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older, the reduction in the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence in adults, and the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea in adults.
• Information comes from a total of 15 systematic reviews/meta-analyses documents.
• Rifaximin has been found significantly effective at improving symptoms such as abdominal bloating and distension associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) or irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), without any notable adverse events compared to placebo groups.
• For managing Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), rifaximin significantly reduced incidence rates, risks for HE recurrence, progression from minimal to overt HE but did not reduce mortality rates. It was found comparable to placebos regarding safety profiles, indicating no increased risk for adverse effects.
• In the treatment of Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH), rifaximin was linked to lower infection rates when compared against non-rifaximin therapies, suggesting its role in reducing systemic inflammation/infection rates; however, it didn't show significant differences in short-term/overall mortality.
• Rifaximin demonstrated a dose-dependent effective eradication rate for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), highlighting its potential use in safely managing associated gastrointestinal symptoms along with underlying diseases related to SIBO conditions.
• Population considerations indicate that the effectiveness/safety of this drug was assessed among both adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years or older across diverse conditions including FGID, IBS-D, HE, AAH, and SIBO, emphasizing its versatile application range within mixed treatment strategies, especially in combined lactulose treatments targeting complex liver disease management scenarios like HE cases.