Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of 29 systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-29]
• Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes: Dulaglutide demonstrated significant weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, although the response rate is less than 50% in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) patients. It was less effective in weight loss compared to semaglutide and tirzepatide, particularly showing more significant weight loss in obese versus overweight individuals.
• Glycemic Control: Dulaglutide led to notable reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in T2DM patients, though these reductions were smaller compared to those achieved with semaglutide and tirzepatide.
• Effectiveness in Specific Populations: Dulaglutide was effective in T2DM patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), showing improvements in blood glucose control and weight reduction. It also significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight in Asian T2DM patients compared to first-line hypoglycemic drugs.
• Cardiovascular Benefits: Dulaglutide, alongside semaglutide and liraglutide, demonstrated beneficial effects on composite renal outcomes and reduced new or persistent macroalbuminuria, with a noted reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular death, indicating its potential utility in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.
• Adverse Events: Dulaglutide is associated with common gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, with a higher incidence of these side effects compared to placebo and some other GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).
• Hypoglycemia Risk: The risk of hypoglycemia with dulaglutide was lower than that associated with insulin glargine, and it was not significantly linked to an increased risk of hypoglycemia compared to placebo or other GLP-1 RAs.
• Safety in Specific Populations: In T2DM patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), dulaglutide was associated with gastrointestinal side effects but did not increase the risk of hypoglycemia; however, the incidence of hypoglycemic events was higher in Asian T2DM patients compared to first-line drugs.
• Age and Gender: The studies predominantly included patients with a mean age of approximately 60 years, encompassing both male and female participants, though no specific gender-related outcomes were reported.
• Baseline Characteristics: The weight loss and reductions in HbA1c were more pronounced in obese individuals compared to those classified as overweight, indicating the potential need for tailored treatment approaches based on patient characteristics.