Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of seven systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-7]
• Anifrolumab demonstrated significant efficacy in treating non-renal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), providing better disease control compared to the standard of care in high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
• In lupus nephritis (LN), higher doses of anifrolumab (900 + 300 mg) were more effective in achieving renal complete remission compared to the 300 mg dose and placebo, ranking well among other biologics for overall renal remission.
• Comparative analysis highlighted that belimumab was superior in renal complete remission, while obinutuzumab showed high effectiveness for overall renal remission, and low-dose IL-2 demonstrated the highest probability of achieving complete remission in LN.
• Anifrolumab was generally well-tolerated in non-renal SLE, with fewer serious adverse events compared to placebo. Common adverse events included upper respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, and herpes zoster.
• Increased risk of herpes zoster infections was observed with anifrolumab and rituximab compared to other biologics. Serious infections were more frequent in placebo-treated patients, especially in lupus nephritis trials involving belimumab and rituximab.
• Effectiveness in achieving remission varied among subgroups, with patients having a high type I IFN (IFNAR) gene signature showing reduced response to anifrolumab compared to those with lower gene signatures. Some studies excluded patients with active severe lupus nephritis or central nervous system lupus.