Summary

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• Mogamulizumab-kpkc (Poteligeo) is approved for the use in adult patients with relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome following at least one prior systemic therapy. It is a unique IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that targets the chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4). A significant side effect is the mogamulizumab-associated rash, which affects up to a quarter of patients and is the primary reason for discontinuation.
• Three systematic reviews/meta-analyses focus on Poteligeo's effectiveness in treating these conditions and its implications in the management of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL).
• When compared to other therapies such as allo-HSCT and various chemotherapy regimens, mogamulizumab presents a unique side effect profile primarily involving cutaneous reactions, whereas systemic treatments often come with a wider range and potentially more severe adverse effects.
• In cases of relapsed/refractory ATL, mogamulizumab has shown potential for longer survival in comparison to traditional chemotherapy and allo-HSCT approaches. This indicates that it may provide a significant therapeutic benefit in situations where other treatment options have failed.
• Regarding mycosis fungoides, no treatment, including mogamulizumab, has conclusively proven to be superior over conventional therapies concerning disease-free intervals, relapse rates, or overall survival. Clinically, there is a preference for topical/skin-directed therapies due to their superior safety profile and fewer systemic adverse effects, compared to more aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy/mogamulizumab.
• The management of mogamulizumab-induced side effects requires immediate clinical response; further research should aim at understanding the prognostic significance and identifying genomic markers for these events to enhance patient care. More comprehensive studies are needed to explore the drug's efficacy, side effect profile, and impact on the quality of life across different stages of the diseases treated by mogamulizumab.