Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of nine systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-9]
• Pembrolizumab plus Enfortumab Vedotin (PEM+EV) demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC), with hazard ratios (HR) of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.45-0.81) compared to Nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy, 0.55 (95% CI: 0.42-0.72) compared to PEM plus platinum-based chemotherapy, 0.57 (95% CI: 0.43-0.75) compared to Atezolizumab plus platinum chemotherapy, and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38-0.58) compared to platinum chemotherapy alone.
• PEM+EV also showed significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), with HR values of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.48-0.82) compared to Nivolumab plus platinum chemotherapy, 0.58 (95% CI: 0.45-0.74) compared to PEM plus platinum chemotherapy, 0.55 (95% CI: 0.43-0.69) compared to Atezolizumab plus platinum chemotherapy, and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.38-0.54) compared to platinum chemotherapy alone.
• The objective response rate (ORR) for PEM+EV was significantly higher, showing an odds ratio (OR) of 2.63 (95% CI: 2.00-3.45) compared to platinum chemotherapy, indicating a substantial benefit in treatment efficacy.
• Immunotherapy treatments, including PEM+EV, showed significantly lower adverse events of grade 3 or higher compared to other treatments for advanced urothelial carcinoma. However, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy resulted in an increased risk of immune-related adverse events (P-value = 0.02).
• While PEM+EV was effective, it was noted that immunotherapy alone (such as Atezolizumab) had the lowest rate of high-grade adverse events among the treatments compared.
• There is no population type or subgroup information available in the reviewed studies.