Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of six systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-6]
• Nifurtimox demonstrated effectiveness in preventing congenital Chagas disease, with a significantly lower proportion of children seropositive for congenital Chagas disease among women treated with Nifurtimox or Benznidazole (odds ratio (OR) 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.27).
• Benznidazole showed higher seroconversion rates in Chagas disease treatment compared to other drugs, with up to 100% negative seroconversion depending on the dose and duration, while no seroconversion was achieved with Allopurinol.
• In women treated with trypanocidal drugs for Chagas disease, the prevalence of adverse events was 14.01% (95% CI 1.87-26.14%), with Benznidazole showing a higher incidence of side effects compared to Nifurtimox (76% vs. 24%).
• Serious adverse events were more frequent with fexinidazole (31/264) compared to nifurtimox combined with eflornithine (NECT) (13/130) in participants with second-stage g-HAT. Common adverse events occurred at similar rates for both treatments (fexinidazole 247/264, NECT 121/130).
• In women of childbearing age with Chagas disease, trypanocidal treatment (Benznidazole or Nifurtimox) significantly reduced the risk of congenital Chagas disease. In participants with second-stage gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (g-HAT), fexinidazole was associated with higher relapse and mortality rates compared to NECT. For individuals with late-stage symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC, Benznidazole showed some efficacy in clearing antibody titres but was linked to frequent adverse events.