Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of two systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-2]
• Effectiveness of Tolvaptan in ADPKD (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease) Patients: Tolvaptan significantly delays the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to placebo (MD (mean difference) 1.27, 95% CI (confidence interval) 1.24-1.29, P < 0.01) and inhibits the increase in total kidney volume (TKV) (MD -3.01, 95% CI -3.55 to -2.47, P < 0.01). It also reduces the incidence of renal pain (OR (odds ratio) 0.71, 95% CI 0.58-0.87, P < 0.01), urinary tract infection (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.89, P < 0.01), haematuria (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.89, P < 0.01), and hypertension (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.82, P < 0.01).
• Comparative Efficacy of Other Agents: Somatostatin analogs inhibit TKV growth more effectively than both placebo (MD -5.69, 95% CI -7.34 to -4.03) and tolvaptan (MD -2.99, 95% CI -4.69 to -1.29). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors also inhibit TKV growth relative to placebo, though specific comparisons to tolvaptan were not detailed. Metformin shows a trend toward preserving renal function, but this result was not statistically significant (SMD 0.28, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.61, p = 0.09).
• Tolvaptan was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events, including thirst (OR 8.48, 95% CI 4.53-15.87, P < 0.01), polyuria (OR 4.71, 95% CI 2.17-10.24, P < 0.01), and hepatic injury (OR 4.56, 95% CI 2.51-8.29, P < 0.01).
• The studies did not provide specific safety data for other drugs in comparison to tolvaptan.
• There is no population types or subgroups information available in the reviewed studies.