Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of seven systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-7]
• Tasimelteon demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in sleep quality and total sleep time for patients with Smith-Magenis Syndrome (ages 3-39) with genetically confirmed diagnoses, as well as maintained safety without impairing next-day performance in adult subjects with Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder, important for patients who require daytime alertness.
• Miltefosine is associated with gastrointestinal adverse events, showing significantly higher rates of nausea (relative risk (RR) 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72-3.49) and vomiting (RR 4.76, 95% CI: 1.82-12.46) compared to intramuscular meglumine antimoniate (IMMA). In contrast, IMMA presents with increased severe adverse events, including myalgias and arthralgias (RR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.17-1.96).
• Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AmB) demonstrates a safer profile with fewer adverse effects than other amphotericin B formulations, while combination therapies in visceral leishmaniasis may reduce dose-related toxicity and improve overall safety.
• Studies on leishmaniasis treatments highlight variations across population subgroups: post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) studies are primarily from India, Sudan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, while ML studies predominantly occur in Brazil and ACML studies in Central and South America; immunocompromised patients with ML experience higher rates of the disease, and HIV co-infected patients have increased mortality and severe adverse events during VL treatment.