Summary

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• This summary is based on the review of 16 systematic review(s)/meta-analysis(es). ^[1-16]
• Asthma Exacerbations Reduction: Anti-Interleukin-5 (IL-5) treatments, including reslizumab, benralizumab, and mepolizumab, effectively reduced asthma exacerbations by approximately 50% compared to placebo in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Reslizumab specifically showed a significant reduction in the annualized exacerbation rate across various eosinophil count subgroups.
• Lung Function Improvement: Anti-IL-5 therapies, such as reslizumab, provided modest improvements in lung function (e.g., pre-bronchodilator FEV(1)), with reslizumab demonstrating comparable lung function benefits to benralizumab and mepolizumab, particularly in real-world studies.
• Quality of Life Enhancements: Anti-IL-5 therapies, including reslizumab, consistently improved quality of life (QoL) scores in patients with severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), although improvements in Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) scores occasionally did not meet the minimum clinically important difference (MCID).
• Comparative Efficacy in Exacerbations and Lung Function: Reslizumab showed similar efficacy to other anti-IL-5 biologics, with certain indirect comparisons indicating a slight advantage over mepolizumab in reducing severe exacerbations, enhancing FEV(1) at 4 weeks, and lowering eosinophil counts at various intervals.
• General Safety Profile: Anti-IL-5 treatments, including reslizumab, displayed a similar incidence of adverse events (AEs) to placebo, with no excess of serious adverse events. Common AEs associated with reslizumab included asthma, nasopharyngitis, headache, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and bronchitis.
• Infectious Adverse Events: Non-significant differences in odds for respiratory infections such as URTI, pneumonia, and influenza were observed with anti-IL-5 treatments compared to placebo. Benralizumab showed slightly higher odds of bronchitis and pneumonia relative to mepolizumab and reslizumab, though these differences were not statistically significant.
• Antidrug Antibodies (ADAs): Reslizumab had an ADA incidence rate of 4.39%, with some cases involving neutralizing antibodies. This ADA incidence was higher than that of omalizumab but lower than benralizumab, indicating a moderate immunogenicity risk for reslizumab.
• The reviewed studies primarily included adults and adolescents with severe eosinophilic asthma, showing consistent effectiveness of anti-IL-5 treatments like reslizumab in reducing exacerbations and enhancing quality of life, particularly in patients with eosinophil counts ≥300 cells/µL. Data were limited for children under 12 years, and no significant safety concerns were identified across population subgroups.